Nhare mbozha dzekutanga kurova pamusika pakati pemakore makumi mapfumbamwe dzainyanya kugadzirwa nepurasitiki kunze. Sezvo makore apfuura, uye vagadziri vanga vachida kusvika kune rakapfuma ruzhinji, plastiki yakatsiviwa ne girazi uye aluminium.
Girazi nealuminium, pamwe nepurasitiki, ndizvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira nharembozha, asi handizvo chete. Kana tikatarisa mukati, tinogona kuwana zvimwe zvinhu zvawaisazofunga muhupenyu huri mukati, segoridhe. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvinhu zvipi zvinoshandiswa kugadzira smartphone, Ndinokukoka kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Iyo smartphone ine zvingangoita makumi matanhatu zvigadzirwa. Pakati pavo, cobalt uye zvimwe zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu. Izvi mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinocherwa mune dzinoverengeka nyika mavambo. Basa rakaoma uye rakaoma dzimwe nguva rinotyisidzira hupenyu, uye kwete zvevakuru chete, asiwo zvevana vazhinji vanobatanidzwa mukutora.
Sezvo makore apfuura, huwandu hwemabasa ayo mafoni anotipa ave chinhu-mune-chimwe chishandiso, saka sekufamba kwemakore, maitiro ekushandisa aya madhiragi ari kure nekudzikira. Zvakare, kusiyana nezvizvarwa zvekutanga zvema mobiles zvinosvika pamusika muma90s, mazuva ano ivo havachagone kutariswa sechinhu chepamusoro.
Zvishandiso zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mafoni
Nesilicon
Kana isu tikataura nezve izvo zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira izvo zvinopa hupenyu kune smartphone, isu tinofanirwa kutaura nezve silicon. Ichi chinyorwa chinomiririra ingangoita 25% yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweiyo smartphone. Izvo zvakare zvine hupfumi sezvo ichiwanikwa mune ingangoita makumi matatu muzana yepasi.
Silicon, iyo yanga ichishandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi kweanopfuura makore makumi manomwe, yakabvumidza iyo indasitiri kuti imire zvichienderana netsika dzekare dzakabatanidzwa nechidimbu chimwe chine basa rekuita akawanda maitiro uye inonzi chip (hapana chinokanganisa ne processor ).
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei silicon iri imwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi iri nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzakanaka se semiconductor, nekuti inoitisa maerekitironi pasina rubatsiro.
Plastiki
Iyo plastiki inoshandiswa kunyanya pakuvaka kwezvinhu izvo zvinoshandiswa kujoinha zvidimbu zvemukati meiyo smartphone. Asi zvakare, kunyanya mumhando dzakachipa, dzinoshandiswa mukuvaka kwechimiro.
Hierro
Iron inoshandiswa kunyanya kune ese Hardware anodikanwa kukwirisa akasiyana macomputer ari chikamu chemafoni. Inowanikwa kunyanya kubva kunyika dzakaita seBrazil, China, Australia neIndia.
Aluminium
Iyo inoshandiswa senge nhoo yekudzivirira magetsi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kubva kuiyo kanyanga. Uye zvakare, iyo inoshandiswawo kuvaka chassis uye iyo yekupedzisira mamiriro. Nyika huru dzinowanikwa aruminiyamu iJamaica, China, Russia neCanada.
Copper
Tine zvishoma zvekutaura nezvemhangura iwe zvausingazive. Mhangura inoshandiswa kunyanya kune tambo uye yakadhindwa wedunhu mabhodhi. Chile, China neUnited States ndivo vanonyanya kugadzira pasi rose.
Tungamira
Mukuwedzera kune tini, lead inoshandiswawo kugadzira mamwe ma solders atinogona kuwana mukati memafoni mafoni nekuda kwekudonha kwayo.
zen'e
Zinc inowanikwa mune chiwanikwa chine aluminium nemhangura inoshandiswa mukugadzira maikorofoni uye masipika. Iyo inoshandiswawo mukugadzira mabhatiri. China, Peru neAustralia ndipo panogadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvepasi rese.
Tin
Iyo inoshandiswa seyakagadziriswa inobatanidza izvo zvikamu zveiyo smartphone kune yemhangura rukoko rwebhodhi. Iyo inoshandiswa zvakare kugadzira yakaturikidzana pamusoro pechiso iyo inobvumira magetsi emuviri wedu kuitiswa, iyo processor inodudzira kupindura apo isu tinodzvanya pane chimwe chikamu chechiratidziro panoratidzwa zvinhu zvehurongwa hwekushandisa.
China, Indonesia nePeru ndiyo nyika huru dzinowanikwa zvinhu izvi.
Nickel
Nickel inoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhatiri atinogona kuwana mumidziyo mizhinji yemagetsi, kwete mumafoni chete. Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kushandiswa kutsiva lead, chinhu icho muhuwandu hwakawanda chinokuvadza kuvanhu.
Barium
Inonyanya kushandiswa kupfeka makondakita emagetsi
Palladium
Inoshandiswa kumeso ehukama pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana. Nyika huru dzekutanga: Canada, South Africa neRussia.
Sirivha
Iyo inoshandiswa mumitsetse inoitisa yedunhu rakadhindwa. Main nyika mavambo: Peru, Mexico, China, Australia.
Ndarama
Inoshandiswa mumafoni e-smartphone pane SIM kadhi uye pabhatiri. Menduru dzeTokyo 2020 Olympic Games (yakaitwa muna 2021 nekuda kwechirwere checoronavirus), dzakagadzirwa chete negoridhe rakawanikwa kubva kumafoni efoni akapihwa nevagari vekuJapan kuti ashandise zvakare.
Nyika huru dzekutanga: China, South Africa, Australia, United States.
Cobalt
Inoshandiswa bhatiri.
Nyika huru dzekutanga: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, China.
Tantalum
Inoshandiswa seye condenser.
Nyika huru dzekutanga: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia, Brazil.
Gallium
Inoshandiswa mumaLED (mwenje-inoburitsa diode) sekuvhenekera kumashure kwechidzitiro kana mwenje kamera.
Nyika huru yekubva: Kazakhstan.
Indio
Inoshandiswa muLCD skrini. Iyo isimbi isingawanzoitika uye nyika dzayo huru dzekutanga iChina, Canada nePeru.
Kazhinji zvinhu zvepasi
Chishandiso chimwe chete chine zvinhu zvinomwe zvakatemwa neEU Commission kuti "zvinhu zvakashata zvakashata" kana zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu muna 2014 uye zviri kuramba zvichishomeka pasirese uye kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinowanikwa mumamiriro ehuranda nemafiya.
Mune dzimwe nyika, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nemumigodhi mune yakashata kwazvo mamiriro ekuchengetedza uye uko kana masiki kana zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvinoshandiswa. Zvakare, nekuti mibairo yakanyanya kuderera, vana vanofanirwa kushanda maawa akati wandei pazuva uye vanofanirwa kutsvaga zvigadzirwa nemaoko avo pasina dziviriro.
Nhare mbozha dzine dzimwe simbi dzisingawanzo, semuenzaniso neodymium uye cerium. Izvi zvinoshandiswa muhuwandu hushoma mumakrofoni kana maspika. Kutsvaga kwezvinhu izvi kuri kuwedzera kuomarara uye kune njodzi, saka dzimwe nzira dziri kutsvaga kuti dzimire zvichienderana nadzo.
Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza
Dzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti chete 13% yevashandisi vanochengeta yavo smartphone kweanopfuura makore maviri. Chokwadi kana vashandisi vaiziva zvese zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti vagadzire smartphone uye mamiriro ayo mamwe acho anowanikwa, ivo vaizofunga kanopfuura kamwechete kuti vavandudze gore rega kana makore maviri ese emhando.