Kana iwe wakambozvibvunza chii chinonzi CGNAT, kana zvirevo zvinorevei Nhasi tichagadzirisa kusahadzika uku. Hatisi kuzokuratidza chete zvazvinoreva, asi zvakare isu tichaona kubatsira kwayo uye chinangwa nhasi neADSL uye fiber optic kubatana, iri mudzimba dzakawanda mazuva ese.
Nekuda kwekushomeka kweruzhinji IPv4 kero, iyo inofanirwa kushandisa CG-NAT tekinoroji nevashandisi vakasiyana. MuSpain, makambani akaita seMamasmovil, Yoigo naPepephone vanoshandisa hunyanzvi uhu.
Kana wako opareta akashandisa CGN mune yayo ADSL kubatana kana mune yayo yemagetsi fiber, iwe haugone kuitisa masevhisi sezvo isingakwanise kuvhura madoko. Asi isu tichaenda kutsanangura nenzira yakapusa mamwe mazano kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuzvinzwisisa nenzira kwayo uye tora yako mhedziso.
Chii chinonzi CG-NAT?
Tsananguro yakapusa yatinogona kuita yezvinyorwa izvi zvinotevera: CGNAT inomirira Carrier-giredhi NAT, protocol inoshandiswa kuwedzera hupenyu hwese huripo IP kero.
Sezvatiri kutaura, CG (Carrier Giredhi) tekinoroji inobvumidza opareta kuti aunze tekinoroji yeNAT inowanikwa mune iyo router yedzimba dzedu, yakanangana nemambure uye izvo hazvizotsamire pane yedu router. Ndinoziva, hazvisi nyore kunzwisisa.
NAT (Network Kero Traslation) inotibvumidza kushandisa imwechete yeruzhinji (yekunze) IP kero kune dzakawanda zvakavanzika (zvemukati) IP kero panguva imwe chete.
Tekinoroji yeNAT yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba mumataneti ese. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwe IPv4 kero, isu hatigone kuve neruzhinji rwevazhinji IP kero mumusha medu, semuenzaniso.
Neichi chikonzero, nekuda kweiyo NAT tekinoroji, kuitisa yakatarwa sevhisi pane yemuno network, iyo router yaifanirwa kugadziridzwa kutanga, kuti iite izvo zvatinodaidza kuti "kuvhura zviteshi" pane iyo router uye nokudaro tiwane kukurumidza kana dhata kutengeserana mukubatana kwedu. ..
Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kusarudza imwe yezviteshi zvemukati, imwe yekunze, sarudza yakavanzika IP uye zvakare inonzi yekufambisa dura protocol (TCP kana UDP). Nenzira iyi, chero mushandisi anobva paInternet anozokwanisa kuwana iyo sevhisi yatinoshanda kuburikidza neiyo router.
Kana kuisa imwe nzira, IInternet inobatanidza mamirioni emakomputa zuva rega rega, asi huwandu hwemakero aripo akaganhurirwa pakombuta imwe neimwe. Ndosaka protocol yakashandiswa uye irikushandiswa parizvino, IPv4, yanga isingakwani kuvhara kudiwa kweInternet access services.
Naizvozvo, Iyo IPv6 protocol yakagadzirwa, asi pakutanga kutamira kune iyi protocol kwaisave nyore kune vanoshanda, nekuti zvaisakwanisika kufamba mumhamba yakawanda yemapeji ewebhu, sezvo anga asina kugadzirira.
Nekuda kwezvikanganiso izvi, hombe NAT kana CG-NAT yakagadzirirwa, mhinduro inobvumidza makomputa akati wandei kuti abatanidze neInternet achishandisa chete IP kero. Ichi chishandiso chinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuti network dzishande nemakero epachivande enetiweki uye dziendeswe kune veruzhinji kuburikidza nemidziyo yeshanduro iri pakati pemushandisi neinternet.
Vashandisi vakaita saYoigo, Masmovil kana Pepephone, uye vamwe vakaita saJazztel, vanoshandisa tekinoroji iyi kune vamwe vavo vatengi. Kutenda kuCG-NAT, makambani ane akawanda makomputa akabatana panguva imwe chete achakwanisa kubatana neInternet vachishandisa mashoma kwazvo IP kero.
Vashandisi vakaita saMasmovil, Yoigo kana Pepephone vanoshandisa pamafoni avo, izvi ndezvekuti isu hatina FTP server pafoni. Asi kana tichinongedzera kumba kwedu uye kune fiber kana ADSL zvakasiyana.
Mukushandisa chaiko kwemushandisi hakuzounze matambudziko, asi isu tinogona kuwana mamwe matambudziko mune mamwe masevhisi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanogona kutidzinga kubva kumaseva avo kana vakaona kuti IP yakashandiswa yatove kushanda, kana kutirambidza zvakananga kupinda.
Sezvo isu tichigovana Ruzhinji IP isu hatizokwanise kuwana iyo router kuvhura madoko (Port Forwarding), nekuda kweizvi zvichave zvinogoneka kumisikidza chero sevhisi mune yemuno network. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa FTP server, shandisa NAS, nezvimwe. hatisi kuzokwanisa kuzviita.
Uye izvi ndizvo, nekuti iyo WAN IP haisi yeruzhinji. Saka iyo router inorasikirwa chikamu chebasa rayo uye inova router ine mashoma masevhisi, sezvo iri mushandisi anozotonga mazhinji emabasa ayo.
Unoziva sei kana iwe uine CGNAT?
Kana iwe uri mutambi wenguva dzose, unogona kukanganiswa nazvo, uye iwe ungaona matambudziko mumitambo yepamhepo, haizove iro dambudziko rakakura, asi rinogona kukuganhurira mukukura kwavo.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaenda kutarisa kana isu tine iyo CG-NAT protocol inoshanda muInternet yedu yekubatanidza. Kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kuongorora iyo WAN IP yeedu router. Kana iwe ukava nechokwadi chekuti IP yako haisi yeruzhinji, zvingangoita kuti iwe une CG-NAT sevhisi.
Imwe sarudzo yekutarisa kana uine sevhisi iyi kuita traceroute (kana tracert). Kana iwe watoona kare kuti yako IP kero iri yeruzhinji (unogona kuwana yako IP nekudzvanya pano), iwe unofanirwa kuvhura iyo yekuraira Prompt muWindows, uchidhinda iyo Windows kiyi, ikozvino mune yekutsvaga injini mhando "cmd" uye tinya Enter Enter.
Zvino nyora "tracert (inoteerwa neako IP kero ine nzvimbo pakati pavo)"
Kana iyo trace iine chete 1 hop, zvinoreva kuti iwe une yeruzhinji IP, kana pane zvinopesana uine maviri hopu, zvinoreva kuti iwe uri muCG-NAT.
Nekuda kweaya maviri akapusa manomano iwe uchakwanisa kuziva chero nguva Kana iye waunobata akupa IP yeruzhinji, kana zvakadaro une CG-NAT yakapihwa.
Zvinotaridza kuti mashandisiro ayo, kana kuve pasi pechisungo cherudzi urwu ndiko kwakaipisisa, asi zvakare kune mabhenefiti ayo, nekuti inotipa imwe chengetedzo, sezvo inodzivirira chero mushandisi yakaipa kuti asvike pamidziyo kuti iwe wakabatana neako router. Zvakanaka, hazvibvumire chero mushandisi kutanga kubatana kwekunze pakombuta yakabatana neako wega router.
Muchokwadi, kumapurisa akafanirwa kuongorora mhosva dzepamhepo, kushandiswa kweiyi tekinoroji idambudziko, nekuti kana vachiongorora mhosva inogona kuitika, vanowana dambudziko rekuti kana vari kushandisa CG-NAT, vanosangana nemakumi kana mazana evashandisi vachigovana IP imwechete.
Naizvozvo, avo vashandisi vane vanoshandisa CG-NAT hazvigone kuzivikanwa zvakajeka. Kuisa zviremera zvichirwa iyo Rima Webhu, uye nezvakarikomberedza.
Ndeapi mashandisi anoshandisa CG-NAT?
Más Móvil opareta aive mumwe wekutanga kuisa CGNAT mumasaiti ayo kumashure mu2017. Sekuziva kwedu, Yoigo kana Pepephone inosanganisira iyi nzira nekusarudzika muzvibvumirano zvefibre optic uye mumasevhisi eADSL2 +. Asi usazvidya moyo zvakanyanya, nekufona uchikumbira kubuda kwerudzi urwu rwekubatanidza, nezuva rimwe chete unenge uri mazviri.
Jazztel imwe kambani inoshandisa CG-NAT yeiyo fiber optic kubatana kwevamwe vatengi vayo. Sezvakaita nekambani yapfuura, nekufona kune avo vatengi uye chikumbiro chakakodzera, unogona kusiya sevhisi iyi kana uchinge uchida pepa IP kero yekugamuchira masevhisi.
Sezvo iwe uchigona kutarisa kuburitswa kwerudzi urwu rwekubatanidza uye sevhisi, zviri nyore, uye ivo havaise chero mhando yechipingaidzo.