Ukuba ukhe wazibuza yintoni i-CGNAT, okanye zithetha ntoni ezi zinto zisetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngomntu? Namhlanje siza kusombulula loo mathandabuzo. Asiyi kukubonisa kuphela ukuba kuthetha ntoni, kodwa kwakhona Siza kubona ukuba luncedo kunye nenjongo yanamhlanje nge-ADSL kunye nonxibelelwano lwefayibha, ehlala kumakhaya amaninzi yonke imihla.
Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweedilesi ze-IPv4 zikawonkewonke, Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeCG-NAT ngabaqhubi abohlukeneyo. E-Spain, iinkampani ezinje nge Masmóvil, Yoigo kunye ne Pepephone zisebenzisa obu buchwephesha.
Ukuba umsebenzisi wakho usebenzisa i-CGN kunxibelelwano lwayo lwe-ADSL okanye kwifayibha yayo ebonakalayo, awuyi kuba nakho ukubamba iinkonzo njengoko ingavuli amazibuko. Kodwa Siza kuchaza ngendlela elula ezinye iikhonsepthi ukuze uziqonde ngokuchanekileyo kwaye wenze izigqibo zakho.
Yintoni i-CG-NAT?
Eyona nkcazo ilula esinokuthi siyenze kwezi ndlela zilandelayo zezi zilandelayo: I-CGNAT imele i-NAT ye-Carrier-grade, iprotocol esetyenziselwa ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweedilesi ezikhoyo ze-IP.
Njengoko sisitsho, i-CG (iBanga lokuThwala) yitekhnoloji evumela umqhubi ukuba azise itekhnoloji ye-NAT efumaneka kumzila wamakhaya ethu, ngqo kwiinethiwekhi kwaye ezingayi kuxhomekeka kwi-router yethu. Ndiyazi, akukho lula ukuyiqonda.
I-NAT (Idilesi yeNethiwekhi yeNtraslation) iyasivumela ukuba sisebenzise idilesi ye-IP efanayo (yangaphandle) yeedilesi zabucala (zangaphakathi) ze-IP ngaxeshanye.
Itekhnoloji ye-NAT isetyenzisiwe ixesha elide kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweedilesi ze-IPv4, asinakuba nazo iidilesi ezininzi ze-IP kumakhaya ethu, umzekelo.
Ngesi sizathu, enkosi kwitekhnoloji ye-NAT, ukubamba inkonzo ethile kuthungelwano lwasekhaya, i-router kuye kwafuneka ukuba iqulunqwe kuqala, ukwenza oko sikubiza ngokuba "kukuvula amazibuko" kwi-router kwaye ke ufumane isantya okanye ukuthengiselana kwedatha kunxibelelwano lwethu .
Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ukhethe elinye lamazibuko angaphakathi, elinye elingaphandle, ukhethe i-IP yabucala kunye nokubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wezothutho (TCP okanye UDP). Ngale ndlela, nawuphi na umsebenzisi okwi-Intanethi uya kuba nakho ukufikelela kwinkonzo esinayo esebenzayo kumzila.
Okanye ubeke enye indlela, I-Intanethi idibanisa izigidi zeekhompyuter yonke imihla, kodwa inani leedilesi ezikhoyo zilinganiselwe kwikhompyuter nganye. Yiyo loo nto umthetho olandelwayo owawusetyenziswa kwaye usasetyenziswayo ngoku, i-IPv4, wawungonelanga ukugquma ibango leenkonzo zokufikelela kwi-Intanethi.
Ngoko ke, Umgaqo-nkqubo we-IPv6 wadalwa, kodwa ekuqaleni ukufudukela kule protocol kwakungelula kubaqhubi, kuba kwakungekho lula ukuhamba kwinani elikhulu lamaphepha ewebhu, kuba ayengalungiswanga.
Ngenxa yezi ngxaki, i-NAT enkulu okanye i-CG-NAT yenzelwe isisombululo esivumela iikhompyuter ezininzi ukuba zinxibelelane kwi-Intanethi zisebenzisa idilesi enye ye-IP. Esi sixhobo senza ukuba kube lula ukuba iinethiwekhi zisebenze ngeedilesi zabucala zenethiwekhi kwaye ziphinde zithunyelwe kwezoluntu kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuguqulela eziphakathi komsebenzisi kunye ne-intanethi.
Abaqhubi abanjengoYoigo, Masmovil okanye uPepephone, kunye nabanye abanjengoJazztel, basebenzisa obu buchwephesha kwabanye babathengi babo. Enkosi kwi-CG-NAT, iinkampani ezineekhompyuter ezininzi ezixhumeke ngaxeshanye ziya kuba nakho ukunxibelelana kwi-Intanethi zisebenzisa iidilesi ezimbalwa ze-IP.
Abaqhubi abanjengoMasmovil, uYoigo okanye uPepephone bayisebenzisa kwimigca yefowuni ephathekayo, oku kungenxa yokuba asinayo iseva ye-FTP kwifowuni. Kodwa xa sibhekisa kwikhaya lethu nakwifayibha okanye i-ADSL yahlukile.
Ekusetyenzisweni kwesiqhelo ngumsebenzisi ayizukuveza ngxaki, kodwa sinokufumana iingxaki kwezinye iinkonzo. Kungenxa yokuba banokusigxotha kwiiseva zabo ukuba babona ukuba i-IP isetyenzisiwe, okanye bayala ngqo ukufikelela.
Kuba sabelana nge-IP yoLuntu asizokwazi ukufikelela kwi-router ukuvula izibuko (Ukudlulisela iZibuko), ngenxa yoku kuya kuba nakho ukuseka nayiphi na inkonzo kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iseva ye-FTP, sebenzisa i-NAS, njl. asizukukwazi ukuyenza.
Kwaye kunjalo, kuba i-WAN IP ayisiyoluntu. I-router ke ilahlekelwa yinxalenye yenkonzo yayo kwaye iba ngumzila oneenkonzo ezincinci, kuba ngumsebenzisi oya kulawula uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe.
Wazi njani ukuba unayo iCGNAT?
Ukuba ungumdlali oqhelekileyo, unokuchaphazeleka yiyo, kwaye ungabona iingxaki kwimidlalo ye-Intanethi, ayizukuba yingxaki ebalulekileyo, kodwa inokukunciphisa ekukhuleni kwabo.
Ke ngoko, siza kujonga ukuba sine-CG-NAT protocol esebenzayo kunxibelelwano lwethu lwe-Intanethi. Ngale nto kufuneka sihlolisise i-WAN IP ye-router yethu. Ukuba uqinisekisa ukuba i-IP yakho ayikho esidlangalaleni, kunokwenzeka ukuba unenkonzo yeCG-NAT.
Olunye ukhetho lokujonga ukuba unayo le nkonzo kukwenza i-traceroute (okanye itracert). Ukuba sele uqinisekisile ukuba idilesi ye-IP yeyasesidlangalaleni (unokufumana i-IP yakho ngokucinezela apha), kuya kufuneka uvule umthetho wokuyalela kwiWindows, ucofe isitshixo seWindows, ngoku kuhlobo lweinjini yokukhangela "cmd" kwaye ucinezele iqhosha lokungena.
Ngoku bhala "tracert (elandelwa yidilesi ye-IP enesithuba phakathi kwabo)"
Ukuba umkhondo une-hop enye kuphela, oko kuthetha ukuba unayo i-IP yoluntu, ukuba ngokuchaseneyo uneehops ezimbini, oko kuthetha ukuba uku-CG-NAT.
Enkosi ngala maqhinga mabini alula uya kuba nakho ukwazi nangaliphi na ixesha Ukuba umsebenzisi ophethe ikhontrakthi unikezela nge-IP yoluntu, okanye ukanti une-CG-NAT eyabelweyo.
Kubonakala ngathi ukusetyenziswa kwayo, okanye ukuba uphantsi konxibelelwano lolu hlobo yeyona nto imbi, kodwa ikwanazo nezibonelelo zayo, kuba isinika ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo, ukusukela kuthintela nawuphi na umsebenzisi okhohlakeleyo ekufikeleleni kwizixhobo ukuba uqhagamshele kwi-router yakho. Ewe, ayivumeli nawuphi na umsebenzisi ukuba aqalise uqhagamshelo lwangaphandle kwikhompyuter eqhagamshelwe kwi-router yakho.
Ngapha koko, amapolisa amiselwe ukuphanda ubugebenga be-cyber, ukusetyenziswa kwale teknoloji yingxaki, kuba xa kuphandwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunokwenzeka, bafumana ingxaki yokuba ukuba basebenzisa i-CG-NAT, badibana nenqwaba okanye amakhulu abasebenzisi babelana nge-IP efanayo.
Ke ngoko, ezo abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-CG-NAT azinakuchazwa ngokucacileyo. Ukubeka abasemagunyeni ukuba balwe iWebhu emnyama, kwaye yintoni ejikeleze yona.
Ngabaphi abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-CG-NAT?
Umsebenzi we-Más Móvil wayengomnye wabokuqala ukufaka i-CGNAT kuthungelwano lwayo kwi-2017. Ngokwazi kwethu, iYoigo okanye iPepephone zibandakanya obu buchule ngokungagqibekanga kwizivumelwano zefiber optic nakwiinkonzo zeADSL2 +. Kodwa ungakhathazeki kakhulu, ngomnxeba ocela ukuphuma kolu hlobo lonxibelelwano, ngosuku olunye nje uya kuphuma kuyo.
IJazztel yenye inkampani esebenzisa i-CG-NAT yonxibelelwano lwefayibha yabanye abathengi bayo. Njengakwinkampani yangaphambili, ngokwenza umnxeba kwinkonzo yabathengi kunye nesicelo esifanelekileyo, ungayishiya le nkonzo kwimeko apho ufuna idilesi ye-IP yoluntu ukusingatha iinkonzo.
Njengoko unokujonga iziphumo zolu hlobo lonxibelelwano kunye nenkonzo, kulula, kwaye ababeki naluphi na uhlobo lomqobo.