Ungahle uzibuze ukuthi ungalishintsha kanjani ikheli le-IP, kahle, kule ndatshana uzofunda kabanzi ngayo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, uzofunda ukuthi shintsha ikheli le-ip kuselula yakho ye-Android ne-iOS. Ungaphuthelwa!
Uma ngalesi sikhathi kungazwakali njengokuthile kuwe, kufanele wazi ukuthi umsebenzi owenzayo Isikhangiso se-IP Kuyinto eyodwa yokuhlonza amadivayisi axhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Kepha, njengoba wazi kahle noma uzwile, i-Intanethi 'iyinethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi'; Futhi kusho ukuthini lokhu, ukuthi kunezinhlobo zenethiwekhi ezihlukile futhi ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona futhi amazinga ahlukene noma izinhlobo zamakheli we-IP. Futhi ekugcineni, kukhona futhi nezinqubo ezihlukile zamanethiwekhi afanayo we-IP, kanye nokulungiswa okuhlukile okungenzeka kufakwe ukufeza ukwahluka. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwayo yonke le cocoa, ungahle uzibuze ukuthi liyini ikheli le-IP? kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, wazi ukuthi unentshisekelo yokukuguqula Ulishintsha kanjani ikheli le-IP ledivayisi yeselula ye-Android noma ye-iOS?
Lithini ikheli le-IP
Kusho ukuthini i-IP Akuyona into ngaphandle kwe-'Internet Protocol ', noma' Internet Protocol 'uma siyiguqulela esiSpanishi, futhi ikheli le-IP ngaleyo ndlela alisihlonzi. Sikhuluma ngenombolo enikezwe kunethiwekhi nokuthi, ngempumelelo, isebenza ukukhomba amadivayisi axhunyiwe. Noma kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zamakheli we-IP: ikheli le-ip ikheli le-ip lomphakathi nelangasese. Futhi cha, noma kungabonakala ngathi ayifani, kodwa futhi womabili amakheli afeza umsebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele kwelinye ikheli le-IP.
Ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo
Manje sihamba nekheli elizimele le-IP okuyilona elinikezwe idivayisi, njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, ngasese. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ini Ngokuyinhloko yilowo onikezwe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yangasese eceleni komnyango wokungena, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ozoba yithuluzi elingakhala kancane kuwe, irutha, ozoyithola itholakala kahle. Uma singafuni ukuthi kube khona ukungqubuzana ebudlelwaneni bangaphakathi obukhona phakathi kwefoni ephathekayo ngayinye noma i-smartphone, umdlalo wenduduzo ekhaya lakho, noma i-TV efanayo namanye amadivayisi owaxhumile, kuzofanele ube nokuhlukile nekheli le-IP elizimele elihambelana nezinga elithile ngokwezigaba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamakilasi:
- Isigaba: 10.0.0.0 kuya ku-10.255.255.255.
- Isigaba B: 172.16.0.0 kuya ku-172.31.255.255.
- Isigaba C: 192.168.0.0 kuya ku-192.168.255.255.
Okwenziwa amakilasi ahlukene amakheli we-IP ayimfihlo empeleni kusungula uhla olungabiwa kumadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho. Ngokuqondile, isigaba A sisetshenziselwa izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke, kuyilapho amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo aphakathi kwesigaba B esetshenziselwa izinkampani ezinosayizi ophakathi nalawo ahlala kusigaba C yilawo esizowathola, ajwayelekile, amanethiwekhi asekhaya (njengekhaya lakho) futhi ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi amancane ngenxa yenani lamadivayisi axhumeke kuyo.
Ngalokhu, esikwaziyo ukuthi, into ejwayelekile ukuthi kunoma iyiphi indlu yomsebenzisi ojwayelekile unekheli le-IP 192.168.1.1 elilungiselelwe ngokuzenzakalela ku-router yakho, nokuthi amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo anjenge 192.168.1.x Kuyinto isetshenziselwe amanye amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yendawo.
Ikheli le-IP lomphakathi
Lowo esimaziyo ngekheli le-IP lomphakathi, empeleni, lowo umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-Inthanethi (esikwaziyo njengo-opharetha wezingcingo, noma imuphi umkhiqizo usebenzela thina lapha) nika ikhasimende (Ungaba iklayenti). Konke lokhu kusisiza ekuboneni amadivayisi noma amanethiwekhi aphelele kunethiwekhi nokuthi, ngokuvamile, anegama le-ip enamandla.
Amadivayisi abizwa ngokuthi amaklayenti, okungamakhompiyutha omakhalekhukhwini noma ama-smartphones namanye amaningi asetshenziselwa ukuntweza kwi-Intanethi ahlala ekhonjwa kunethiwekhi ngekheli le-IP lomphakathi elibonakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngaphezu kokugcina, ikheli le-IP lomphakathi, amaseva lapho amakhasi abanjwe khona kanye nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zewebhu esijwayele ukuziqasha nazo ziyabonakala ngale ndlela.
Endabeni yokugcina, yamaseva wewebhu, kufanele sisho ukuthi kunokuncika kwefayela le- Amaseva we-DNS. Ngoba ngokuyisisekelo ukuthola umthwalo wekhasi lewebhu umsebenzisi ubhala ikheli le-URL esipheqululini sewebhu (sonke esazi ukuthi sikwenze kanjani), ngemuva kwalokho, iseva yewebhu yethula umbuzo kumaseva we-DNS awuthola ukuwucubungula ekugcineni Baxazulula igama lalokho esikwaziyo ngesizinda (ikheli olibhalayo) ngokuthola ikheli le-IP elihambisanayo bese ikhasi lewebhu obufuna ukulifaka lizolayisha esikrinini sakho ukuze ubuke konke okuqukethwe kwewebhu.
Leli kheli le-IP elisesidlangalaleni njengomthetho ojwayelekile ojwayele ukulazi, kepha libhaliswe ngemuva ngamaseva we-DNS okuyizona ezenza yonke inqubo isebenze futhi yenze iphuzu elilodwa lihlanganyele nelinye ukuze uthole okuqukethwe kwewebhu.
Shintsha i-IP ku-Android naku-iPhone
Ukushintsha i-IP kumakhalekhukhwini we-Android, kufanele siqale ukwazi ukuthi ikheli le-IP liyashintsha ngokuya ngomthetho olandelwayo we-DHCP njalo uma uxhuma futhi unqamula kunethiwekhi engenantambo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela engenzeka noma ukumiswa kukheli le-IP elihleliwe, ayikho enye indlela. Ngakho-ke, uma sidinga lolu hlobo lokucushwa, kufanele sivule imenyu ye- Izilungiselelo futhi, ngemuva kwalokhu, esigabeni ozobona ngaso Ukuxhumeka okungenantambo kwe-WiFi, kufanele ubone uhlu ngawo wonke amanethiwekhi atholakalayo.
Manje kufanele uthole eyakho, futhi njengoba kusobala, ikhethe futhi, lapho uxhuma kuyo, lapho icela iphasiwedi yokuphepha, kuzofanele uchofoze inkinobho. Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe ukukhetha izilungiselelo ze-IP, bese I-IP emile.
Uma siya ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-apula, ku-iOS, njengakumakhalekhukhwini we-Android, ikheli le-IP eliguqukayo liyashintshwa ngokuxhumeka okusha ngakunye kwentambo (yingakho inamandla) kunethiwekhi yendawo. Kepha ungakhathazeki ngoba usengakhetha ukumiswa ukuze ube nekheli le-IP elinqunyelwe.
Ukuze uyithole kuzodingeka vula imenyu yezilungiselelo, finyelela kusigaba se-Wi-Fi bese uqhafaza uphawu oluthi 'i' eceleni kwenethiwekhi lapho uzoxhuma khona ngaleso sikhathi. Ekugcineni esigabeni esibizwa ngokuthi ikheli le-IPv4 kuzofanele uchofoze kuso Ukusethwa kwe-IP bese ukhetha 'Incwadi yesandla ', futhi, ethembisiwe, ngemuva kwalokho, ungenza izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ngesandla.